It remark summarizes lookup on problems from message design inside the Down problem (DS) towards reason for informing health-related functions and guiding coming look.
Means
Post on the fresh literature are based on online searches having fun with MEDLINE, Yahoo College student, PsycINFO, and HighWire Press, and believe regarding resource listings in retrieved data (and additionally online supply). Key terms emphasized services connected with voice, articulation, phonology, prosody, fluency, and you can intelligibility.
Findings
The next conclusions pertain to four major aspects of feedback: sound, speech songs, fluency and you will prosody, and you will intelligibility. The initial big area was voice. Regardless if numerous studies have said on the singing irregularities in DS, biggest concerns are still regarding nature and you will regularity of the phonatory disorder. Results of perceptual and acoustic studies have been combined, so it is difficult to mark company findings or perhaps to pick sensitive and painful strategies to own future research. The next big town was message tunes. Articulatory and you will phonological research has shown you to definitely speech activities within the DS is a variety of postponed advancement and problems maybe not present in normal advancement. Postponed (we.e., developmental) and disordered (we.elizabeth., nondevelopmental) patterns is actually evident because of the age of in the 3 years, even when DS-related problems perhaps appear before, even yet in infant babbling. The next big urban area is actually fluency and you will prosody. Stuttering and you can/otherwise cluttering take place in DS within pricing away from 10%–45%, in contrast to on step one% throughout the standard society. Research along with things to significant interruptions dÄ›lá sugarbook práce in the prosody. The 4th significant area is intelligibility. Education constantly show designated restrictions here, however, just recently has the look went past easy rating scales.
Recommendations
(2011). A look at look with the speech intelligibility and correlations with acoustic enjoys [Technical Declaration CSLU-11-002] (pp. 1–16). Portland, Or : Cardio getting Verbal Language Expertise, Company of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Wellness Science College or university .
(2009). Phonological precision and you may intelligibility within the connected address off males having sensitive X problem otherwise Off problem. Diary from Speech, Language, and you will Reading Look, 52, 1048–1061.
(2006). An assessment off dental design and you will oral-engine mode in the more youthful males having sensitive X disorder and you may Down problem. Diary away from Message, Language, and you may Reading Browse, forty-two, 903–917.
(1983). An effective noninvasive acoustic approach using frequency perturbations and you can computer system-produced singing-region shapes. Record out of Address and you will Hearing Research, twenty six, 304–314.
(1976). An analysis of the anatomic differences in peoples trisomy centered on dissections of 21- and you may 18-trisomes. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). School off Wisconsin-Madison
(1980). Anatomical analysis of developmental negative effects of aneuploidy inside the boy: This new Down disorder. American Journal away from Medical Family genes, 5, 399–420.
(2007). Metric analysis of tough palate in kids that have Down problem: A relative investigation. Off Syndrome Browse and exercise, 12, 55–59.
(1988). The language event of children which have Down’s syndrome old twelve in order to 16 decades. Kid Words Training and you can Procedures, 4, 311–324.
(2009). On the relationship between palate shape and you can articulatory decisions. Brand new Record of one’s Acoustical Society out-of America, 125, 3936–3949.
(2002). Address manufacturing errors inside adults which have and you can without Off problem after the verbal, written, and pictorial signs. Developmental Neuropsychology, 21, 157–172.
(2011). A review of articulatory functioning area city for the vowel creation of people which have Down syndrome. Systematic Linguistics Phonetics, twenty-five, 321–334. doi:47
(2007). Phonetic intelligibility research within the adults having Down syndrome. Down Syndrome Lookup Behavior: New Journal of Sarah Duffen Centre/School from Portsmouth, 12, 230–239.
(1999). Phonological good sense feel in four year old British youngsters: A review and you will normative analysis. Around the globe Journal away from Code and you may Communication Issues, 34, 311–335.
(2003). A several-12 months longitudinal examination of palatal dish therapy in children which have Down syndrome: Effects on oral engine function, articulation and you can communications choices. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 61, 39–46.